Эндогенный алкоголь
Эндогенный алкоголь вырабатывается у мужчин и у женщин, но поскольку эта тема особенно актуальна для автолюбителей, большинство из которых мужского пола, то и акцент мы будем делать именно на образовании эндогенного алкоголя у мужчин.
А что же называется эндогенным алкоголем?
Истинно эндогенным алкоголем называется алкоголь, образующийся непосредственно в клетках. Образуется он постоянно в клетках содержащих алкогольдегидрогеназу, которой особенно много в клетках печени, и которая присутствует практически во всех тканях.
Еще один вид алкоголя можно назвать эндогенным лишь условно. Известно, что, например, черный хлеб, попадая в систему пищеварения, может подвергнуться микробной ферментации, в результате которой содержащиеся в нем углеводы будут превращаться в этиловый спирт и всасываться в кровь. Еще проще обстоит дело с квасом и кефиром, которые в процессе изготовления подверглись небольшой ферментации. Такого эндогенного алкоголя будет не много, но уже значительно больше, чем синтезируемого непосредственно в клетках.
Как вы понимаете, для того чтобы понять сколько этанола вырабатывается в клетках и сколько образуется в ходе ферментации, нужно провести целый рад исследований для выявления индивидуальных особенностей, а так же иметь на руках данные о пище, которую употреблял человек в последние сутки перед исследованием. Скажем больше – вопросы относительно механизмов образования эндогенного алкоголя до сих пор остаются.
Что нужно знать об эндогенном алкоголе?
Вообще эндогенный алкоголь нужен организму в качестве источника энергии, он участвует в процессах адаптации, помогает бороться со стрессом. Например, после сильных потрясений, автомобильных аварий, после травм и т.д., содержание в крови алкоголя снижается. Так же на уровень алкоголя в крови влияет переохлаждение и физические нагрузки. Положительные эмоции приводят к увеличению количества эндогенного алкоголя в крови.
Вопросы относительно эндогенного алкоголя, как уже отмечалось в самом начале, особенно актуальны для автолюбителей. Наличие таких заболеваний как сахарный диабет, хронический обструктивный бронхит, некоторых заболеваний печени, почек, нервной системы и т.д., может фактически означать невозможность управления транспортным средством. Посудите сами, одно из исследований показало, что длительный недостаток кислорода (длительная гипоксия) может привести к увеличению количества алкоголя в крови вплоть до аналога приема 200 грамм водки.
Определение в крови эндогенного алкоголя
Методы определения алкоголя в крови и моче довольно сложны. Одни названия что стоят - алкилнитритный метод, газовая хроматография с пламенно-ионизационным детектором. Они позволяют более-менее точно показывать содержание алкоголя в крови выше 0,15 промилле, а меньше 0,04 промилле вообще не покажут. Теперь внимание: количество эндогенного алкоголя редко превышает 0,18 промилле, а значит находится на границе чувствительности самых современной техники. Обычный алкотестер даже не шелохнется от таких количеств.
Точность приборов составляет +/- 0,1 промилле, а достоверные результаты начинаются от 0,3 промилле и выше. Т.е. если прибор показывает 0,4 промилле, то с отрицательной поправкой на точность прибора нельзя посчитать эти данные превышением. Именно поэтому в европейских странах отталкиваются от уровня алкоголя в 0,5 промилле.
Заключение
Эндогенный алкоголь вызывает множество вопросов и вскоре этих вопросов станет только больше. Единственно верное решение – отказаться от приема алкоголя за сутки до того, как сядете за руль. Если в инструкциях к лекарственным средствам написано, что они содержат этиловый спирт или их применение запрещено людям управляющих транспортным средством, то откажитесь от езды на автомобиле. Дискуссия об эндогенном алкоголе интересна и познавательна, но она не дает никаких способов прикрыть употребление спиртных напитков за рулем.
11/06/2010 14:06
Источник: SpravZdrav.RU











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